Photovoltaic cells Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Photovoltaic cells - Research Paper Example PV cells energy conversion efficiency has now crossed mark of 20 percent. Several companies, universities and research institutions are doing intense research and development work to reduce the cost further so that its economics fare favorably to other competing energy systems. There has been considerable headway in the research and it is quite likely that it will become one of the most prominent technologies among all renewable sources of energy in next 10 years. Being eco friendly, it has the capacity to meet the current and future energy needs of mankind. Introduction Photovoltaic Cell is a technique to generate direct current through solar radiation using semiconductors. The PV cell technology is useful to produce electricity particularly, at the location where grid system is not available. This paper will study the technology, types of photovoltaic cells, current status, its economics, engineering issues, technological advances, future scope and the direction that the industry m ake take. Off-the-Grid Systems Off-the-grid system is useful when electricity demand cannot be met through grid due to its isolated locations. The benefit of the off-the-grid system is that it is self reliant, not dependent on any outside source, using some renewable source of energy such as solar. ... Solar radiation falls on PV cell to energize the electron producing DC current. Inverter converts DC current to AC. Energy is stored in array of batteries. The efficiency of photovoltaic cells is a key parameter to convert solar energy into usable energy. Van Geet home is a typical off-grid system for generating energy based on solar power. It is a remote location near Denver in Colorado. Several renewable-energy features along with energy-conservation measures have been incorporated in this home. The design of this home is studied as an ideal research home. It has photovoltaic based solar power system. The house is said to have achieved 89% energy savings. The system uses 1000-watt amorphous silicon PV with a tracking controller. It surpasses the norms of 70% HVAC and energy savings for Building America research homes. It has been now recognized as a model home and taken for further study and research as energy saving designs in US. (Barley et al 2004) Below mentioned diagram shows a typical off-grid energy system. Source: http://homepower.com/basics/solar/#MainDCDisconnect Mobile homes also use similar PV based energy system to meet their energy needs. Major components in such systems are PV Cells, Charge controller, Battery Bank, and inverter. PV Cells Working of Photovoltaics Solar energy is converted to electricity through photovoltaics. The technology exploits the photoelectric property of certain material that absorbs photons of light to release the electrons. These free electrons cause electric current to flow that can be used for our needs (Knier 2002). PV Cell is a chief component and the heart of such energy systems. More than 50 percent of the cost of the energy system is attributed to PV module. For this reason, the

Persuasive speech on child sex abuse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Persuasive speech on child sex abuse - Essay Example The immediate impact could be adverse, but in the long run, the future of these children is put into test especially the kind of adult people they become. III. National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) in 2007 reported that of all the cases confirmed or substantiated as either child neglect or abuse, 9.3 percent of them were related to sexual abuse (â€Å"The national centre for victims of crime† web). These figures translated to a total of 83,800 victims in that year alone. This is a worrying trend in the modern world, despite reports indicating of a declining trend in this problem. This number represents a high number of children who have to suffer for no cause under the arms of people who are supposed to be offering them protection and love. Such reality should raise alarm to all of us since at one particular time we will be parents in case we are not are already. None of us I am sure would want their children to suffer sexual abuse or molestation. IV. Thesis Statement: due to the numerous negative effects associated with child abuse, there is needed to implement laws that will ensure that children are treated properly without worry. First I will discuss the effects of child sexual abuse, followed by proposed solutions to the problem, which would be focused on promoting good treatment among the children. Finally, I will share on the various benefits associated with adopting laws meant to oversee proper treatment of children in the society. I. Disturbing figures indicate that 1.6% or 16 out of every one thousand children suffer from rape cases, as reported by the Bureau of Justice Statics report. Annually, close to 16% of the youth in the United States are sexually abused. Results from different studies in 1986, 2000, 2002 and 2005 reveals similar results that 63% of women who had suffered sexual abuse by a family member also reported to have been

Television And The Internet :: essays research papers

Television and The Internet Having already done my fair share of internet surfing, I was excited to finally have the opportunity to do a research paper that involved this vast and seemingly boundless electronic world. It is easy to passively interact with the rest of the world and scan effortlessly through millions of pages of information, some of which is useful, some of which simply takes up space; the problem that many researchers and interest groups face is making sense of the whole thing. What effects does the internet have on people? This question is no doubt an immense one. In this paper I will attempt to explore the effects the internet has on one major aspect of our everyday lives: television. The internet is not only linked to television in the sense that they both convey vast amounts of information, but they both seem to complement each other. The internet is presenting vast amounts of information about our favorite television shows as well as providing an arena for discussion about the programs. I will present to you what is available out there and hypothesize how this can enhance or alter one's experience with television. Included in this paper will be actual responses from individuals around the world who responded to a survey I posted on various internet newsgroups devoted to specific television shows. The most relevant responses are attached as an appendix at the end of this paper. I will first briefly define the terms that I will use to avoid any ambiguities. When I refer to the internet, I refer to the vast encyclopedia of information presented through a graphical interface as pages, or web sites. Newsgroups refer to a different aspect of the world-wide web. They consist of over ten thousand separate and specific forums or centers where people post comments or remarks and read other's replies or comments. Each newsgroup is devoted to a different theme. For example, there are over two hundred devoted to television; one or two for Friends, one for Party of Five, one for the CBC, etc. Chat groups are an interactive aspect of the world-wide web in which people can talk in real time. There is an unlimited number of channels one can speak on, although there are more popular ones with specific themes; for example, the channel alt.tv.simpsons is a popular channel for Simpsons fans to discuss the show. These are the main aspects of the world-wide web which can handle affairs dealing with television. The broadest, of course, is the internet. I will refer to those who browse the internet as "surfers.

Change Always Comes Bearing Gifts Essay

Through out our lifetime, we experience numerous life changing events that influence and affect our choices forever. Whether an experience is positive or negative, we learn something new every time. These events can be vary anywhere between a simple action to the biggest day of your life. The outcome of the experiences is what will change one’s thoughts, behavior and feelings forever. I have had many small experiences but I believe that one of the greatest events that has caused me to change was falling in love with my boyfriend. During my senior year at high school, I constantly stressed about my future, my image and fought with my loneliness. Although I’m not sure where these sudden thoughts would come from, they haunted me and caused me to grow desperately for a way out. Then one night while studying for my physics exam, I received a friendly message from a childhood friend. He is quite handsome so of course I immediately closed my physics book to chat with him. Exactly one month later, he asked me to be his girlfriend. It was overwhelming because he was the first guy to ever ask me; however, at that moment I knew he would always be there for me no matter what. He really changed my outlook and perspective of life into a positive one. Now, I think of the future with confidence. I have learned that life is too short to be depressed; I now try to avoid negativity and focus on the important things in life. In addition to that, he never lets me forget how beautiful I am. His never-ending compliments have really elevated my self-esteem. Overall, my positive thoughts have made me a happier more complete person. I really wish I could be more like him because he has changed my thoughts in such a great way and I know this experience will permanently change the way I think, along with the way I behave. Behavior is a big part of who one is and how people perceive one self. During the last semester of high school, I distanced myself from my classmates and did not participate in school activities I knew I was not acting like my normal self but there was no explanation for my decisions. After this â€Å"life-changing† event, I have become more outgoing and productive. The most important change has been responsibility. Prior to this wonderful event, I did not care about anything. Late homework assignments, skipping chores, and rarely showing up to work had become a routine for me. Luckily, that became the past. Now, I wake up and look forward to the day ahead even if it’s just going to school. One of the greatest lessons I have learned is that feeling good about yourself and loving who you are is important. I do not know the exact reason for why my behavior has changed so dramatically, but I have a strong feeling it has something to do with the way I feel. Feelings play a major role in the way we perceive life. Now that I am in a relationship, I feel that I am less stubborn rather open to new ideas. Usually, I am very hard headed. My parents have always given me my way even when I didn’t deserve it. Being in a relationship has made me realize that it is not all about me. Each and every one of us has a different viewpoint so it is imperative to be respectful to others’ thoughts and compromise! Overall, I feel more compassionate, loving and thoughtful of others and I believe that is the best gift I have received from this experience. This experience is very important to me because it has turned my life towards a positive path. I now think, behave and feel much better than I did a few months ago. I don’t know whether this is love but I know for a fact that he is my best friend and I will always have him by my side. Sometimes, it scares me to think of loosing him but I really hope I never change back to the pessimistic person I once was. I often hear that nothing lasts forever but I will always look back at this as something that saved me during my lowest point in life.

Isaac Campos Book, Home Grown, about Mexicos Use of...

Isaac Campos wrote this book in order to provide a background history of Mexico’s use of marijuana and the effect it had in Mexican society. He displays marijuana’s extent both, socially and politically. He scripted his book to carry the reader from the arrival of cannabis (would later be referred to as marijuana) in Mexico through the substance’s prohibition in 1920. With this book, he attempts to â€Å"decipher the psychoactive riddle of cannabis in nineteenth and early twentieth century Mexico† (p.8). The â€Å"psychoactive riddle† is the way the drug, set, and setting are imposed on the resulting influence of marijuana. Home Grown is significant in understanding the War on Drugs and the impact marijuana has had on society in North America. It provided history of notable events due to the production and prohibition of the drug ranging from its introduction until the 1920s when it was banned. Campos argued that the negative stereotypes of m arijuana, often thought to have originated in the United States, actually originated in Mexico as a way to control the use of the drug. Citizens of Mexico related the drug to causing the users to go mad, hence the reason of the term â€Å"Reefer Madness.† Campos presented a series of questions in his introduction that he used to build his argument. Were the stereotypical effects really caused by the use of marijuana? Why were the stereotypes believed so easily? Why did the media not investigate into the stereotypes? How and where did the

Effect of Caffeine Consumption on Academic Performance in...

Effect of Caffeine Consumption on Academic Performance in College Undergraduates Morgan Bolen, Maria Naula-Quintero, and Carlin Wright Michigan State University Abstract In this study we are interested in assessing the relationship between average amount of caffeine consumed per day and academic performance. We hypothesized that an increase in average caffeine consumed per day would result in increased academic success. A short survey was composed based on average amount of caffeine consumed per day measured in milligrams and academic performance measured by GPA. This survey was administered through Survey Gizmo to Dr. Pleskac’s PSY 395 class, and a total of 59 participants completed the survey. Overall, there was a†¦show more content†¦A chart was provided which enabled participants to observe the average amounts of caffeine in each of the four categories and calculate their own average amount of caffeine consumed per day. Our survey was then sent to our fellow classmates, which are undergraduate students taking Dr. Pleskac’s PSY 395 course entitled Research Methods and Design. Participants We estimate that our survey was sent to approximately 200 students, and 59 completed our survey. The participants are estimated to be between the ages of 18 and 22. It is expected that since the survey was administered to a psychology class and that females make up the majority of the major, the majority of the respondents of our survey will then be female. The participants of our survey are mostly comprised of Michigan State University undergraduate psychology majors. Since this is a higher-level class with prerequisites, the majority of are respondents are most likely in their junior and senior years of college. Apparatus/Materials The materials used in this study were a survey that we composed and administered by using Survey Gizmo. The operational definition of caffeine will include energy drinks, coffee, soda, and energy shots such as 5-Hour Energy. We chose nine questions for our survey that we felt were important in determining our results. Procedure After composing our survey on Survey Gizmo, it was sent to approximately 200 students in Dr. Pleskac’s PSY 395 Research MethodsShow MoreRelatedHistory Of Caffeinated Energy Drinks2540 Words   |  11 PagesHistory of Caffeinated Energy Drinks Many students turn to caffeine-containing substances such as coffee and caffeinated energy drinks (CEDs) in order to cope with the daily stresses that arise from their studies, often related to lack of sleep or low energy [1]. Caffeinated energy beverages are a relatively newer source of caffeine, first appearing in 1997 with the introduction of the Red Bull brand of energy drinks. 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Buying A Business And Marketer s Perspective Of Viewing

Every individual person is unique and different. How they were born and grew up in certain places truly affect their lifestyles, personalities, and even their emotions. Different demographics, ethics, and other form of a group that separate people from each other tend to have different ideas within each other. When I think about every aspect of influences that has an impact on people’s different tastes, buying habits, and their beliefs, sometimes it makes me feel so complicated. Marketers, as we learned in chapters, in my own term, are business people that analyze and study the way each individuals react on certain promotions that they were given and carefully examine and plan a suitable service and product promotion offering to consumers that they think that plan is appropriate for them. Consumer behaviors are not only seen by the marketers, but also can be seen by it’s own consumers as well. Consumer’s perspective of viewing a business and marketer’s p erspective of viewing a business can be different sometimes. Without understanding each other, consumers will not be able to experience a service or find a product that can be a beneficial to them. In other hands, if marketers have trouble with understanding consumers, then they will fail to bring out a service or a product that meets the consumer’s requirement and it will end up being fail project. This is why customer’s feed back is important for every business. Businesses learn from what consumers think about theirShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Contemporary Trends On Data Science1625 Words   |  7 Pagestransformation choice to organisations. However, big data seems different from the above, partly because big data is not about technology as much organisation transformation. By utilizing the big data, organisations should transform themselves from a history-viewing, batch, data constrained into a predictive, real-time, data hungry environment. Data are created by countless devices including cameras, microphones, mobile devices, remote sensing, software logs, RFID readers, and wireless sensor networks everyRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Southwest Airlines1188 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology is growing rapidly since the early 90’s and a lot has changed in the marketing sector on how businesses operate. The internet has made it possible for businesses to market their products and services through digital channels. 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This paper will discussRead MorePros Cons of Imc Channels2299 Words   |  10 Pagescommunication is the way of approaching to the consumer. The most effective way of marketing communication is advertising and so advertising can be referred as marketing communication channel. But there are varieties of ways to attract the consumers. And, a marketer needs to choose the effective way of communicating to their target markets. Marketing communication channels accomplish a specific communication task with a specific target audience during a specific period of time. Ref: Kotler, P. ArmstrongRead MoreMarketing Management : Mini Case Study Discussion1720 Words   |  7 Pagesactivities to stimulate and activate consumers’ nostalgia and thus encourage their buying behavior. To do this the company adopts an effective marketing strategy utilizing nostalgic advertising and packaging capable of invoking nostalgic feelings in consumers. By utilizing this type of marketing, the company: 1. Enjoys increased brand perception and retention in the minds of consumers. 2. Enjoys favorable viewing of its marketing efforts eg. Advertisements and packaging. 3. Takes advantage of existingRead MoreMm-Chapter 1-3 Dawn Iacobucci17854 Words   |  72 Pagesto study how and when you want CourseMate includes online study tools, an Interactive Marketing Plan, and set of Analytical Tools $79.95 US Suggested Retail Price ISBN-13: 978-0-538-48134-2 ISBN-10: 0-538-48134-X 90000 2 9 780538 481342 S T U D E N T T E S T E D , F A C U LT Y A P P R O V E D THE MEET SHOW PROCESS ARE WE LISTENING? Reach out to students to understand their learning preferences and motivations for taking a course. Students in the Marketing Management course wanted an approachRead MoreMarketing to Children Consumers7172 Words   |  29 PagesResearch: Children s Breakfast Cereal Consumer Report Investigation to identify key influences that determine children s consumer behaviour and knowledge of branded cereals Investigation into the effects of key influences on children s consumer behaviour and brand knowledge to determine a new marketing strategy. Executive summary This research aims to identify key influences that effect children s consumer behaviour and brand knowledge in relation to the children s cereal industryRead MoreImpact of Television Advertisements on the Buying Decision of Consumers of Consumer Durables17484 Words   |  70 Pagestelevision. For the middle class families possessing consumer durables items like TVs, Refrigerators, mixers, washing machines etc., has become an obsession with the amount they could save most of the people from this selection view with others in buying house hold consumer durables. the need for these items alone doesn’t motivate these customers. In very many cases, vicinity has also played a significant role in persuading consumers to buy such durables. Now- a-days, the easy availability of financeRead MoreProduct Placement12588 Words   |  51 Pagesplacement, for example, Harold and Kumar on a road trip to find a White Castle, Austin Powers blasting into space in a Big Boy statue rocket, Will Ferrell promoting Checkers and Rally s Hamburgers in the NASCAR comedy Talladega Nights, MSN appearing in Bridget Jones Diary, BMW and its online short films, Amazon.com s Amazon Theatre showcasing stars and featured products, Ford and Extreme Makeover, Tom Hanks and FedEx and Wilson, Oprah giving away Buicks, Curious George and Dole, Herbie and VW, SimpsonsRead MoreMarketing Discussion15807 Words   |  64 Pagesand wants that did not exist before. According to these critics, marketers encourage consumers to spend more money than they should on goods and services they really do not need. Take a position: Marketing shapes consumer needs and wants versus marketing merely reflects the needs and wants of consumers. MY OPINION:Pro: With the vast amount of information available to marketers today and the emphasis on relational marketing, marketers are in more of a position to suggest needs and wants to the public