Kimlins Case Debentures free essay sample

If a company borrows money, it will give its creditor a document confirming the existence and terms of the loan. This document is called a debenture. The execution of debentures amp; creation of charges over land by borrowers in favour of banks to secure banking facilities/loans is a common practice. Typically such debentures empower the banks to appoint receivers amp; managers to act on behalf of the borrowers to sell charged land by private treaty. Teo amp; Khaw) Question: in order to recover the sum due by the company borrowers, can the receivers and managers appointed under the debenture proceed to sell the property charged under the NLC by way of private treaty? (without having to follow procedure in NLC) Kimlin case facts: A (borrower company) executed 2 legal charges over the lands in favour of 1st R (the bank) subsequently executed a deed of debenture in favour of 1st R to secure various banking facilities granted by 1st R debenture duly registered pursuant to s. We will write a custom essay sample on Kimlins Case: Debentures or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 08 of companies Act Debenture provided for the bank to appoint receivers amp; managers (Ramp;M) who have certain powers ** no express provision in the debenture appointing them attorneys of the A Subsequently the bank appointed 2nd amp; 4th R as Ramp;M of the appellant wanted to sell the lands without resorting to proceedings under NLC to obtain OFS – Ramp;M applied to HC for a leave to sell lands Later on, A went into liquidation – Ramp;M’s application for leave to sell lands opposed by liquidator HC allowed their application liquidator dissatisfied appealed Issue: whether Ramp;M by virtue of powers conferred upon them by the debenture entitled to sell the charged lands without taking proceedings under the NLC to obtain a judicial sale Held: NO Sale by debenture of land charged under the Code is nowhere provided for by statute. The relevant provisions of the Code as to the rights of chargors (s. 254-265) are designed for their protection (e. g: service of 1-month notice, cause to contrary etc) – and thus cannot be waived, nor can the chargor contract himself out of the Code. It follows that no power of sale can be conferred by a chargor (in this case, the Appellant) under the Code on a chargee himself (the bank) by way of a debenture, but proceedings must be brought by the chargee to obtain a judicial sale in accordance with the rigid procedure laid down in the Code Also – the A went into liquidation Held: Ramp;M of the corporation appointed under a power contained in any instrument is an officer of the corporation and all officers of a corporation are obliged to deliver up to the liquidator appointed by the Court or as he directs: all the moveable and immovable property of the corporation in his custody or under his control which means that liquidation does not merely terminate the agency of a Ramp;M but also his powers on winding up, since there is no estate for the Ramp;M to administer. **in other words – once company goes into liquidation – Ramp;M of the company lose their control over the company’s property – including company’s land The impact of liquidation of the A company on Ramp;M on their powers of sale they no longer have such powers MELATRANS case – distinguished itself from Kimlin’s case This case is slightly diff from Kimlin where: Debenture btw 1st R (registered proprietor of lease of a land) and 2nd R (the bank) 2nd R appointed Ramp;M of all assets amp; undertakings of 1st R – clauses of debenture empowered Ramp;M to act as agent AND attorney of 1st R Ramp;M entered into a sale and purchase agreement with the appellant to sell the said lease The appellant however did not wish to proceed with the said purchase on the ground that the Ramp;M did not have the power to sell the said lease by private agreement in view of Kimlin case 1st R filed an originating summons in the HC for a declaration that the Ramp;M was duly empowered by the said debenture to sell the said lease. The HC granted the declaration. The appellant appealed against the decision Issue: Notwithstanding a valid power of attorney contained in a debenture, can the Ramp;M appointed under the said debenture proceed to sell the property charged under the NLC by private treaty? Held: dismissed the appeal – Ramp;M can sell the said lease by private treaty The court distinguished current case with kimlin KIMLIN- Debenture did not contain an express provision appointing the receivers and managers as attorneys of the appellant the A company (chargor) was wound up and consequently, the Ramp;M ceased to be agents of the chargor but instead became agents of the chargee The appellant company went into liquidation. Hence, it was the liquidator who opposed the application for sale under the debenture in the High Court CURRENT CASE- debenture empowers the Ramp;M to act as the lawful attorney and agent of the first respondent and to exercise the powers accorded under the debenture. Chargor (the first respondent) in the instant case was not wound up Ramp;M remained as agent of the charger Held: s. 256 of NLC provides a prescribed method of sale to be undertaken by a chargee, not a chargor unlike Kimlin, in this case the sale was undertaken by the Ramp;M on behalf of the first respondent, the chargor of the said lease. Therefore, provisions of the NLC prescribing for judicial sale could not apply to the facts in the instant appeal because the Ramp;M was acting as agent of the chargor CONCLUSION The receivers and managers appointed under the debenture can still proceed to sell the property charged under the NLC by way of private treaty provided: (a) Ramp;M act as agent of the chargor (borrower) b). Ramp;M is empowered (by debenture) to act as the lawful attorney of the borrower (c) The borrower company has not been wound up ( x go into liquidation) HOWEVER, even if the borrower company had been wound up, the chargee/Ramp;M may still be able to sell the land by private treaty IF there is an irrevocable power of attorney appointing the chargee/Ramp;M as agent for the borrower Lim Eng Chuan Sdn Bhd v United Malayan Banking Corp amp; Anor Loans granted to the borrower company (chargor) were secured by a charge amp; a debenture which also contained an irrevocable power of attorney in favour of the bank (chargee) Upon default, the bank sought to realize its security by selling the land as agent for the chargor but before it could do so the borrower company was wound up Borrower company sought to declare the sale to the purchaser null and void – failed – appeal to COA COA held: irrevocable power of attorney

Pronouncing the Spanish R

Pronouncing the Spanish R Question: One word in Spanish that I cant seem to get right is aire for air. I hear it from Spanish speakers sounding like EYE-day, but its not a d sound - theres a definite re sound, but it eludes me. Answer: The single r can indeed sound a lot like the English d. (The same isnt true of the Spanish rr sound, which is trilled.) Except at the beginning of words that stand alone (where the r is trilled), a single r is formed (more or less) by hitting the tongue against the front of the palate. It is sometimes said that the Spanish r sounds like the tt in little, so youre hearing correctly. The exact pronunciation varies somewhat with the speaker, the region the person is from, and the placement of the letter in the word. The R for English Speakers What works for some English speakers (even if it may not be technically correct) is to shape the lips something like the sound that is made for the English r, but to make the sound with a single trill or flap of the tongue against the front of the palate. Actually, its probably best not to think English r at all; the sounds of the two languages really are different. And if its any consolation, the sound of the English r is more difficult for native Spanish speakers (and speakers of many other languages) to master than it is for English speakers to master the Spanish r. You can hear the r pronounced by native speakers in our audio lesson on pronouncing the r. Words spoken in that lesson are pero (but), caro (expensive), primo (cousin), tres (three), seà ±or (Mr.) and hablar (to speak). Recommendations From the Community Participants in our forum have discussed pronunciation of the r, especially when it comes after a consonant, as in abra. Heres some of their advice: You can try substituting the English letter d for a single r. For example: Pero (Spanish) Pedo (English). If you say it quickly it begins to take on the character of the Spanish r. I learned this from a friend from Colombia whose name was Miriam. She hated the swallowed r that Americans make when they say her name, so she suggested that they call her Medium. Said quickly, that was much closer to the Spanish pronunciation of Miriam.When you say the word throw you have to put your tongue in almost the same position as you do when you make the Spanish r sound. Try that for positioning your tongue, then just blow real hard and your tongue will vibrate like its supposed to do for those rolling rrs. Once you have the tongue vibrating, make a growling sound like rrrrrrr.If you pronounce the t and d as they are pronounced in Spanish with the tip of the tongue on or near the top of the upper front teeth instead of farther up on the alveolar ridge as we usually do in English, then to get to t he r you only have to flip it up a little. Anyway, you can solace that Spanish doesnt have those impossible consonant combinations that some languages have. (I knew a guy from Africa whose first name was Ngmpu. Try that one!) If you can already make the r sound when surrounded by vowels, then stick in a vowel at first - u works the best. Practice saying abura a bunch of times, gradually emphasizing the u less and less until youre just saying abra.I dont think I have any trouble with r as in abra, or at least no native speaker has ever told me that my pronunciation of it sounds bad. If youve got the r of para or caro down, its exactly the same as that; flap your tongue right after the consonant. In other words, try saying ohtda as though it were an English word very quickly (of course, your tongue should touch the back of your front teeth when you say the t) and you will probably get the word otra right.

The Organization System - Organizational Change and Stress Management Term Paper - 1

The Organization System - Organizational Change and Stress Management - Term Paper Example The response to the first and the ninth question indicates that physical exhaustion is the major reason which is pushing me towards job burnout while mental exhaustion is also taking over as indicated by the response towards the second and the last question. Everybody experiences job burnout at one point in their career. It is a kind of job stress which affects a person physically as well as emotionally. A person feels utterly exhausted and doubts his abilities and competence. Job burnout was identified in the early 1970s and since then has become a topic of study with researchers and psychologists trying to determine the various causes and factors which often leave a person frustrated and drained. Job burnout is a global problem but is treated differently in different societies. In some countries it is considered a social problem while others treat it as a medical problem. At first it was thought that job burnout was restricted to those workers involved in human services such as nur ses, policemen, social workers and legal workers etc. However, as further studies were carried out, it was noted that job burnout was not restricted to people associated with social and health services only; even entrepreneurs, managers and white and blue collared persons suffered from a deep sense of depression and depletion in their jobs (Schaufeli et al, 2009). Job burnout reduces productivity as the worker begins to question his own talents and abilities and fails to come up with any useful contribution let alone face challenges. Although job burnout is quite common and is a hazard that plagues every occupation, the professionals who suffer from this emotional trauma the most are those associated with the police department and nursing. Pines (2005) devised the Burnout Measure or the BM method comprises of twenty one items pertaining to feelings and attitudes such as physical exhaustion; feeling weak or sickly and losing sleep; emotional exhaustion such as feeling depressed and h opeless and mental exhaustion such as feeling worthless like a failure and disappointed with people (Pines 2005). The answers were judged on a scale of 1 to 7 with responses ranging from never to always. According to Pine, a score of 4 indicates a burnout. The BM is the most commonly used burnout inventory and also enjoys a high internal consistency. A study of correlation between various work stressors and BMS scores in table four showed that the work environment factors contributed strongly towards burnout. The people examined were Israeli Jews and Arabs who were involved in police work force, nursing or were MBA students. Table 4 showed the responses of the police workforce and it is evident that the personnel are experiencing high job burnout which may affect the safety in jails and prisons. Poor working conditions, under staffing which means working under pressure to complete tasks such as cell searches, inmate count, paper work, security rounds and apathy and lack of interest from superiors led to job dissatisfaction and growing negative feelings. The Burnout Measure devised by Pines is the second most important measure of job burnout; the first one being the Maslach Burnout Inventory which according to Schaufeli is the â€Å"gold standard to assess burnout† (Schaufeli et al, 2009). Researchers and practitioners view burnout differently; according to some, exhaustion is the only force behind job burnout

Week6 discussions Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week6 discussions - Article Example The Net Operating Loss occurs under various specific rules. First, the amount is carried back to two preceding tax years and applied against all the taxable incomes. Subsequently, this move gives rise to a tax rebate. Conversely, an individual or company can carry forward the amount to the next twenty years, applying it to all the possible taxable incomes. Noteworthy, the NOL becomes obsolete after the elapsing of the twenty years (Freitag, & Tax Management Inc., 2010). Therefore, the timing of an NOL should be very strategic in a bid to attain the highest tax benefit. From intensive deliberations in the e-activity, I would highly recommend that one should apply the Net Operating Loss in the earliest period possible. Substantially, this move will make more financial sense due to the favorable time value of money as opposed to the future unpredictable value of money. In this regard, a taxpayer will undoubtedly reap the highest tax benefit from a comparative aspect. In the event where a taxpayer will mix pleasure and business travel, a tax break will be evident. All the leisure expenses incurred during travel for work should be justified as business expenses. The biggest deduction error made by taxpayers subjected to auditing is the lack of accurate and well-dated receipts and events. Such confusions make it almost impossible for a validation from the IRS. Additionally, a big deduction mistake can occur when a taxpayer mixes business with pleasure by the subsequent use of the business telephone for private uses. With intensive scrutiny, the IRS would not validate such

Paraphrasing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Paraphrasing - Assignment Example According to reliable source, it is asserted that both security and commercial building communications services are very significant. They primarily help in performing day to day tasks as well as occupant security in ever association. In this essay, issues related to both Commercial building communications and security services will be discussed. Further, this report portrays a multi story level 32 offices, that has been linked with building communication systems, emergency warning systems, MATV, audio visual design layouts, and then it will emphasize on a point of ensuring all the systems are well staged in the building. Experts affirm that there are several components that are significant when evaluating the above phenomenon. The components ensure that the occupants’ requirements as well as their expected standards have been met. The following are some few aspects that that a building that has tenants needs to have; the first is, Telecommunication System, Master Antenna Tele vision, Emergency Warning System , Security Systems and lastly Audio Visual Systems. This being a type of guided transmission mediums, it should be acknowledged that cables are installed in a good way with the aim of transmitting electromagnetic waves. Therefore, from their role, they are known as electromagnetic wave guides. For a building made to accommodate tenants, it is advisable to ensure that the telecommunication cabling provides at least two communications outlets per every work station in open plan areas. Here, it should be noted for better electromagnetic wave transmission, then it should be noted a soft cabling scheme will bring out a better field of action. The soft cabling should use MUTOs for outlets that are plat-formed on telecommunication; this works bests in an open plan office area. Second, one telecommunication outlet should be provided that is per two persons seating in a meeting

Justice System And The Cases Of Miscarriages Criminology Essay

Justice System And The Cases Of Miscarriages Criminology Essay INTRODUCTION Cases of miscarriages of justice have come to light in recent years and have become a celebrated issue in the society. Different reasons have been given for it like poor investigative interviewing practices, court processes and custodial practices. However, investigative interviewing practices is the most rated as the cause of these injustices, hence, the purpose of this essay is to see how these cases of miscarriages of justice have helped in changing investigative interview practices for better. INVESTIGATIVE INTERVIEWING An interview is a conversation intended to yield information, it is essential to obtain correct, detailed and comprehensive explanations that are rich in detail from all those involved within the criminal justice process; from victims, witnesses, colleagues, friends, neighbours, family and suspects. Interviews are generally non-accusatory; during the course of an investigation the investigator will conduct interviews with all available witnesses and potential suspects. (Milne Bull, 2003, p.111) Investigative interviewing is an important part of the investigative process for patrol officers, loss prevention agents, detectives or other investigators. Most information is derived from people, which makes it important to have knowledge and skill in interviewing, in order to get the best of the interview process. The investigator should ask open-ended questions in an attempt to elicit as much information as possible. The interview subject should do most (75%) of the talking during the conversation (Reid Associates, 2001). If, during the interview it is found that the subject has lied, the investigator should generally not confront the subject. In most cases it is best to challenge a lie during a follow-up interview or once the interviewer has moved into an interrogation. Interviews are conducted at different levels of the investigative process, ranging from the initial police interview of a victim, witness, or suspect to an in-court interview in front of a judge or other decision makers. Interviews conducted during the initial phase of the police investigation are usually the most critical in determining whether a criminal case is solved (Fisher, Geiselman, Raymond, 1987), especially when there is little or no physical evidence and only one witness to guide the investigation. At this point in the investigation, there is considerable potential to extract extensive, accurate information, because the event is still fresh and, hence, relatively accessible in the witnesses memory. Furthermore, witnesses have had little time to think about the event, so their immediate perceptions are likely to be pristine, untainted by later influences. Properly conducted interviews may thus advance the police investigation immeasurably by yielding thorough, accurate rec ords of the crime details. On the other hand, poorly conducted interviews have the potential to distort the witnesses memories and contaminate the entire investigative process. (Hoffman, 2005) Among the most important traits for a successful interviewer are Empathy, Communication and Professionalism. All three of these characteristics combine to send a powerful message to the subject. That is, that the interviewer is an honourable person, who has all of the necessary evidence, and truly understands the feelings of guilt within the subject. Empathy is considered an essential characteristic of a good interviewer. EMPATHY Empathy is the ability to understand and share in anothers feelings (Webster, 1972). Investigators who adopt empathy easily identify with other people see things through anothers eyes. An interview or interrogation is a conversation between two human beings. The subject and interviewer are on an equal basis. Unlike the interviewer, the subject likely has no training whatsoever in interviewing. But as a person the interviewee communicates with others all the time and can identify when dealing with someone who is insincere. It is difficult to convincingly offer explanations and understanding to a subject when the interviewer cannot identify with the other person. This might make the interviewer seem insincere and make it difficult to obtain a fair account of the issue on ground. COMMUNICATION One of the most important traits of a good interviewer is being able to communicate excellently. When people communicate they use more than words. Tone, inflection, volume and pauses are all essential aspects of Para-verbal communication. Non-verbal communication is as important as what is actually being said. Gestures, posture, hand, eye and head movement (or lack thereof) are vital parts of a persons non-verbal communication. The interviewer should also take note of the messages sent by the subjects physiological responses such as skin tone, sweating and respiration. In some circumstances the interviewer will notice that one can visibly monitor the subjects heart rate by observing the carotid pulse. The most important communication challenge for the interviewer is to be aware of all of these methods of communication. The interviewer must take note of what he or she is receiving and also of what one is passing across. The core of interviewing is communication, but how the interviewe r presents oneself to the subject is the first communication that occurs. PROFESSIONALISM The interviewer should be dressed in a professional manner. The interviewer should put into consideration the subject and the location of the interview before deciding on attire, the interviewers attitude should always be professional. No matter the outcome of the interview, the interviewer should not make sarcastic or disapproving remarks during or after the interview. The interview should begin civilly with a handshake and end in the same manner. The final role that professionalism plays in the interview is the attention to detail paid to the confession and statement. Someone, perhaps the interviewer, spent valuable time preparing the investigation. The investigation file will likely be full of detail and description. Once the subject confesses, the professional interviewer will follow through with developing the confession and capturing it in a detailed and accurate statement. Investigation is a core duty of policing. Given that the interviewing of victims, witnesses and suspects is central to the success of an investigation, the highest standards need to be upheld. In order to do this, forces need to develop and maintain the valuable resource that the skills of their interviewers represent. Interviews that are professionally undertaken and quality assured can realise several business benefits. In particular, they can: Direct an investigation, which in turn can lead to a prosecution or early release of an innocent person; Support the prosecution case, thereby saving time, money and resources; Increase public confidence in the Police Service, particularly with witnesses and victims of crimes who come into direct contact with the police. Conversely, failure to professionally undertake and assure quality interviews can have adverse consequences in terms of failure to adhere to legislation, loss of critical material, unsolved crime, lack of credibility and loss of confidence. The gathering of information from a well-prepared victim and witness interview will contribute significantly to the investigation. An effective interview of a suspect will commit them to and account of events that may include an admission. In the admission, the suspect may detail how the offence was committed and thus the investigation can be more focused. The value of a properly obtained admission can prove the mens rea of the offence, beyond doubt. (Hoffman, 2005) MISCARRIAGES OF JUSTICE The mistakes that occur within the criminal justice system can be described in various ways; the criminal justice system is founded on the presumption of innocence; a legal fiction intended to insulate the individual from abuses of state power and reduces the likelihood of a factually innocent person being convicted. In order to cast this protective net as widely as possible, the appellate test has to be expressed in the neutral term of safety. The media and campaigners have different motivations and usually focus upon cases of innocence in order to attract public interest and to achieve reform. Despite the moral and political impact of innocence cases, for those who seek to safeguard the rights of defendants and to uphold the integrity of the criminal justice system, it is imperative to resist allowing the criminal justice debate to degenerate into competing claims of guilt versus innocence. Miscarriage of Justice has been defined as A grossly unfair outcome in a judicial proceeding, as when a dependant is convicted despite lack of evidence on an essential element of the crime. (Barak, 2007). This definition can be attributed to wrongful arrests, wrongful charges or indictments, wrongful sentences, but most notably wrongful convictions arising from improper and insufficient investigations. According to Barak, There are two general types of miscarriages of justice which are errors of due Process and errors of impunity. Errors of due process involve unwarranted harassment, detention or conviction, or excessive sanctioning of people suspected of crimes. Errors of impunity refer to a Lapse of justice that allows a culpable offender to remain at large or escape justice in some way. Error of due process can lead to error of impunity, thus, if a person is wrongly arrested, convicted and imprisoned for a crime that he/she did not commit. There is a good chance that the real offe nder will remain free to commit other offences, meanwhile, there is a probability that the real offender will be arrested, convicted and arrested for another crime. Both types of error can undermine the integrity and legitimacy of the Criminal Justice system. The origin of most miscarriages of justice can be said to be from the roots, which is the law enforcement agents. The police have a big role to play in ensuring justice is carried out always, but in doing this, proper investigations and interview have to be carried out to ascertain the right facts. There have been many celebrated cases and many more of miscarriages of justice, as in the case of Stephen Downing who was convicted of the murder of Wendy Sewell in a  Bakewell  churchyard in 1973. The 17-year-old had a reading age of 11 and worked at the cemetery as a gardener, he was made to sign a confession that he was unable to read by the police. The case gained international notoriety as the Bakewell Tart murder. After spending 27 years in prison, Stephen Downing was released on bail in February 2001, pending the result of an appeal. His conviction was finally overturned in January 2002. Miscarriages of Justice highlights the shortcomings of the Criminal justice system, it also reflects a tendency for police investigators to develop a theory as to responsibility for a crime and then to exclude all other avenues for investigation. (Dixon 1999). This may occur as a result of not following up other potential avenues of investigation or by active manipulation of evidence to support the theory. As in the case of The Cardiff Three, Steven Miller, Yusef Abdullahi, and Tony Paris who were falsely jailed for the murder of prostitute Lynette White, stabbed more than 50 times in a frenzied attack in a flat above a betting shop in Cardiffs Bute town area on Valentines Day 1988, and jailed in 1990. This was a serious case of miscarriage of justice as a result of poor investigation and interrogation by the police officers involved, the young men were bullied and coerced to falsely confess to a crime they did not commit, they were charged to court with the barest minimum of evidenc e and were later cleared on appeal in 1992; it was not until 2003 Jeffrey Gafoor was jailed for life for the murder. The breakthrough was due to modern DNA techniques used on evidence taken from the crime scene. Subsequently, in 2005, nine retired Police Officers and three serving Officers were arrested and questioned for false imprisonment, conspiracy to pervert the course of justice and misconduct in public office. Another celebrated case of miscarriage of justice is that of Rachel Jane Nickell  (23 November 1968-15 July 1992) who was the victim of a  sexual assault  and  murder  on  Wimbledon Common,  London, on 15 July, 1992. She was stabbed 49 times. On 18 December, 2008,  Robert Napper, 42, pleaded guilty to Miss Nickells  manslaughter  on the grounds of  diminished responsibility.  Colin Stagg had earlier been charged and then acquitted in relation to this murder, as there was no forensic evidence linking Mr Stagg to the scene, the police asked  criminal psychologist  Paul Britton to create an  offender profile  of the killer. They decided that Mr Stagg fitted the profile and asked Mr Britton to assist in designing a covert operation, Operation Ezdell, to see whether Mr Stagg would eliminate or implicate himself, an undercover police woman using the pseudonym Lizzie James contacted Mr Stagg, posing as a friend of a woman with whom he used to be in contact vi a a lonely hearts column. She attempted to obtain information from him for over five months by feigning a romantic interest, meeting him, speaking to him on the telephone and exchanging letters containing sexual fantasies. Believing on the advice of the  Crown Prosecution Service  that there was sufficient evidence to convict Mr Stagg, the police arrested and charged him on 17 August 1993 with Miss Nickells murder. When the case reached the  Old Bailey,  Mr Justice Ognall judged that the police had shown excessive zeal and had tried to incriminate a suspect by deceptive conduct of the grossest kind. The entrapment evidence was excluded and the prosecution withdrew its case. Mr Stagg was acquitted in September 1994. This case is a clear example of a miscarriage of justice from different aspects; bad investigative interviewing, ignorance of other leads, bad decisions and errors on the part of the police officers. The main culprit was left roaming around and went on committing crimes before he was eventually caught for another crime. There have been lots of other cases of miscarriages of justice with poor investigative interviewing being the major cause and other factors too. This led to the emergence of Judges Rules which was drawn by Judges in 1912, which was revised over the years and added to over the years and remained in force until they were replaced by the Police and Criminal Evidence act (PACE) 1984 and the Codes of Practice (Home Office Circular 89, 1978) as a result public outcry concerning highly publicised miscarriages of justice (e.g. Guildford 4) in the UK, the Home Office is the central government department responsible for the criminal justice system) and Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) developed the investigative interviewing; ethos and PEACE training course in the 1990s PEACE continues to be the Police Service framework for interviewing. There are five phases to the PEACE framework which are: Planning and Preparation: This includes what to consider when planning for an interview, understanding the main aim and the essence of the interview to the case at hand. Engage and Explain: This describes how to cope with the special features of getting an interview started, involving the interviewee in the conversation, building rapport, setting the interviewee at ease and informing him/her about rights and other legal necessities, and establishing the ground rules. Account, Clarification and Challenge: This deals with the central issue of obtaining the interviewees account, clarifying this and, where necessary, challenging it. Closure: This is an important aspect of the whole process, a good closure is necessary to ensure that there is a mutual understanding about all that transpired, it describes the considerations before closing an interview. Evaluation: This consists of asking questions about what was achieved during the interview and how it fits into the whole investigation. Evaluation also includes the development of an interviewers skill level, through assessment (self, peer and manager) and feedback. According to Griffith Milne (2005) Most of the identified problems with police interviews prior to PEACE were due to miscarriages of justice linked to false confessions. These false confessions were due to bad police interviewing processes, though subsequent legislative which has authorised compulsory audio tape recording of all interviews with suspects and the right for a suspect to have a legal representative present should avoid a repetition of such occurrences. Miscarriages of Justice also led to the need to review police interviewing initiated under the auspices of the Association of Chief Police Offers (ACPO) and the Home Office. The National Strategic Steering Group on Investigative Interviewing exists to ensure the development and delivery of the most effective interview strategy. Its role is to ensure that a consistent and professional approach is adopted by the Police Service, which is able to withstand judicial and academic scrutiny and has the ability to instil public con fidence. The overall aim of the National Strategic Steering Group on Investigative interviewing is: To provide direction on the development of policy, practices and procedures to ensure that the interviewing of victims, witnesses and suspects supports professional investigation. The terms of reference of the National Strategic Steering Group on Investigative interviewing are: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To maintain an effective dialogue with key stakeholders to ensure high standards of professionalism and service delivery. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To monitor the potential impact of any changes in law and procedure on interviewing practices and make recommendations on further changes as necessary. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To provide advice to ACPO and other key stakeholders on technical and procedural issues that impact on the professional practice of investigative interviewing. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To ensure that the National Occupational Standards applicable to investigative interviewing are fit for purpose. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To inform the design and development of effective learning and development products that supports the National Investigative Interviewing Strategy. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To establish an effective partnership with the NPIA to develop professional practice and maintain operational support. The principles of investigative interviewing (NSLEC, 2004, pp. 16-20) which have generally stood the test of time have been revised. The Principles of Investigative Interviewing 2007 are: The aim of investigative interviewing is to obtain accurate and reliable accounts from victims, witnesses or suspects about matters under police investigation, accurate information to seek truth and not coercing false confessions. Investigators must act fairly when questioning victims, witnesses or suspects, vulnerable people must be treated with particular consideration at all times. Investigative interviewing should be approached with an investigative mindset. Accounts obtained from the person who is being interviewed should always be tested against what the interviewer already knows or what can reasonably be established, investigative interviewing should be approached with an open mind. When conducting an interview, investigators are free to ask a wide range of questions in order to obtain material which may assist an investigation. Investigators should recognise the positive impact of an early admission in the context of the criminal justice system. Investigators are not bound to accept the first answer given. Questioning is not unfair merely because it is persistent, the interviewers duty is to get accurate and reliable information from an interviewee no matter the number of times the question is asked, as long as it is done carefully and not in an oppressive manner. Even when the right of silence is exercised by a suspect, investigators have a responsibility to put questions to them, if the interviewer believes truth can be derived from the person in question. Miscarriages of justice threaten the very foundation of a society, because in every liberal legal system, legal rights and autonomy are paramount. Miscarriages of justice undermines these individual rights which has led to an outcry by society and prompted the necessary bodies to build laws, policies and practices to be adhered to in order to prevent further miscarriages of justice arising from investigative interviewing and thus has improved investigative interviewing practices. RELEVANT CASE LAW R. v. Downing (2003, March 10) Newstatesman R. v. Miller, Paris and Abdullah [1993] 97, G. App. R. R. v. Stagg (1992) The Sun. Retrieved 3 January, 2011.

Ku Klux Klan :: essays research papers

Ku Klux Klan The Ku Klux Klan has been the most organized of the many different White supremacy groups that came into being after the Civil War. The ill-reputed Knights of the Klan have been involved in countless incidents of human rights violations against blacks and other minority groups in America. Especially in the South, during and after the Reconstruction period, the Klan played a major part in formulating and forcefully employing many of the Jim Crow laws, that delayed black man’s true freedom f Stetson Kennedy is a native of Jacksonville, Florida where the Klan was very active. Kennedy saw first hand the working of the Klan when a maid in his house was taken for a ride by the Klan and badly tortured. Kennedy developed a hatred for the Ku Klux Klan and wanted to do all he could to limit the influence of and put a stop to its hate mongering. He wrote a book â€Å"Palmetto Country† in which he blasted the myth that the Klan was formed to â€Å"save the South† from Scalawags, Carpetbaggers an Also, Kennedy noted that the few things written about the KKK were editorials rather than exposes. He felt the need for not just words but for legal evidence against the Klan’s inside machinations. For that purpose someone would have to go under a Klan robe and turn the hooded order’s dirty linen for all the world to see. The author decided to volunteer for the job and thus began his adventures as a Klan-buster, in the headquarters of the Klan at the time in Atlanta. The first few chapter Soon enough, Kennedy had enough incriminating evidence against the Klan. In an action packed moment in the courthouse, Kennedy disrobed from under his Klan mask in front of stunned Klansmen who had thought he was one of them. Kennedy testified against the vicious organization, and played an important role in bringing the Klan to its knees. Through the remainder of the book, Kennedy relays his experiences working against other similar outfits, like the Colombians in Florida, who had Nazi leaders perpetrating anti-Negro, anti- Catholic and anti-Semitic sentiments. As a result of his daring confrontations

Ancient Greek Contributions

Ancient Greek civilizations originated in 2000 B. C. and lasted to about 300 B. C. their culture still impacts Western civilization. Also Greeks spread their ideas all over the world. They contributed significantly with the ideas of geometry, philosophy, government, sporting events, architecture, sculpture, drama, and more. All of this came about and reached new heights during Greece’s â€Å"Golden Age†. This age lasted for about 50 years. Today all of our lives are greatly affected and influenced from the lives of Greeks. Today in the Western civilizations they use a form of government called democracy. Doc 3) There is a fragment from Pericles’ Funeral Oration. It describes Athens’ governmental plan. A system of government called democracy, where more citizens participate and have more say. In direct democracy citizens rule directly not through representation. Part of Pericles’ plan for Athens was to increase the number of public officials with pai d salaries and use direct democracy. Pericles plan for democracy was also for the poor to not be discriminated for social rankings. He also wanted the citizens to serve his country at any position on the social scale but you have to be a defined citizen. Pericles once stated â€Å"†¦power is in the hands not of a minority but of the whole people†. Athens went through a period of time of power struggles between the rich and poor. Today there are many countries that use democracy as a form of government. During Athens â€Å"Golden Age† philosophy started to take over. A philosopher is a person who offers views or theories on profound questions in ethics, metaphysics, and logic. They were also known as â€Å"lovers of wisdom†. Philosophers taught through questioning about life, family, friends, and religion. Socrates, a philosopher that came about during the birth of philosophy. He believed there was absolute standards existed for truth and justice. Socrates encouraged people to question their moral character and actions. For example, one of his most famous quotes was â€Å"The unexamined life is not worth living† (Doc1). At the age of 70 he was brought to trial for â€Å"corrupting the youth of Athens†. Government officials thought these ideas were radical, absurd, and dangerous. Socrates defended himself by forcing people to think for themselves. He had the decision to drink hemlock, a slow acting poison or tell the world that everything he said was a lie. He chose the hemlock and died. His contribution became an important part of Western civilization, a lesson that taught people to think for themselves and to stand up for what they believe in. Aristotle lived from 384 to 322 B. C. He was a student of Plato. Aristotle opened a school in Athens called the Lyceum. He believed in studying how things originated to achieve the clearest view. Aristotle invented a method for arguing according to logic. Aristotle questioned the nature of the world and human belief. He applied this method to psychology, physics, and biology. He believes that a life guided by human reason is superior to any other and that someone’s ability to reason distinguishes them from anyone else (Doc2). These ideas of human reasoning and standards for justice are still used in western civilization, therefore showing Greece’s influence and contribution. Another area of Greek achievement is theater. In ancient Greece plays became important. There were two kinds of plays written and performed, comedy and tragedy. A comedy back then usually made fun of a certain topic. A tragedy in ancient Greece usually dealt with a social or moral issue, or human suffering. In a tragedy play a girl named Antigone goes against the king’s orders and buries her brother, who was killed while leading a rebellion (Doc 6) shows an example of a tragedy play. In this play many Greeks values were expressed which is the same purpose of the majority of western civilizations plays today which was to express certain values. It can easily be noted that all over the world is significantly impacted by ancient Greece. They made major development and advancements in the areas of math, science, philosophy, art, government, and architecture.

How Places Get Their Names

How Places Get Their Names A  place name is a general term for the proper name of a locality. Also known as a toponym. In 1967, the first United Nations Congress for the Unification of Geographical Names decided that place names in general would be geographical name. This term would be used for all geographical entities. It was also decided that the term for natural locations would be toponym,  and  place name  would be used for locations for human life (Seiji Shibata in  Language Topics: Essays in Honour of Michael Halliday, 1987). These distinctions are commonly ignored. A transfer name is a place name copied from another locality with the same name. New York, for instance, is a transfer name from the city of York in England. Examples and Observations Place names are  . . .  a kind of fossil poetry, but, once affixed to a map, they tend to change rather less, and rather more slowly, than do other kinds of words. Because of this conservative quality, they afford a kind of folk history, a snapshot in time that enables us to read in them a record of important events and to reconstruct something of the culture of the namers at the time they assigned names to the places they saw.(Gregory McNamee,  Grand Canyon Place Names. Johnson Books, 1997)Words From Place Names[T]he process of making a word out of a place-name (a toponym) is  widespread. Tell someone a limerick? Drive in a limousine? Own an alsatian or a labrador? Play badminton or rugby? Run in a marathon? Dance the mazurka? You never quite know where a place-name is going to turn up.(David Crystal,  The Story of English in 100 Words. Profile Books, 2011)Transfer Names in the U.S.Many exotic American  place-names are  derived from transfers of place names, as Athens in Georgia and Euclid in Ohio indicate. The giving of classical place-names to American cities and towns was once fashionable. Many of them occur in the state of New York (e.g., Ithaca).(Zoltan Kovecses,  American English: An Introduction. Broadview, 2000) Presidential Place NamesNaming places was a virtual art form during the nineteenth century, as the westward movement opened up vast territories for settlement and spawned literally thousands of new incorporated places of all sizes.  Befitting the burgeoning  nationalism of the early Republic, American presidents contributed more than their share of place-names as the nation moved west. More than 3 percent of all American place-names, in fact, contain the names of the presidents from Washington to Lincoln.  Today, five presidents dominate  the list of presidential place-names, contributing their names to a total of nearly 1,200 states, counties, townships, cities, and villages across the United States. Lincoln is fourth on the list, behind Washington, Jackson, and Jefferson, and he is followed by Madison.(Kenneth Winkle, The Great Body of the Republic: Abraham Lincoln and the Idea of a Middle West.  The American Midwest: Essays on Regional History, ed. by  Andrew R. L. Cay ton and Susan E. Gray. Indiana University Press, 2001) American Indian Place Names[In the U.S.,] multitudinous cities, towns, villages, counties, mountains, plateaus, mesas, buttes, hills, lakes, ponds, rivers, streams, bays, and other geographical locations and features have Indian-related place-names. It is estimated that New England alone has 5,000 names derived from Indian languages.The etymology of Indian place-names takes various forms.  Some  place-names are  English spellings of spoken Indian words or word-phrases- the original Indian names for geographical features, altered over the centuries through usage. Others are Indian tribal names. Some are personal names,  after celebrated individuals or even mythical and fictional characters. Others are named after Indian-related events. Still others are English, French, or Spanish translations of Native concepts or objects.(Carl Waldman and Molly Braun, Atlas of the North American Indian, 3rd ed. Infobase, 2009)Can Do!Sometimes a controversy serves as the basis for a place name . Cando, North Dakota, got its name after county officials proclaimed they could name the town anything they chose. Others in the community did not think that way. In time, the officials got their way and chose to use the combined words can and do in the name, reflective of their claim.(Gerald R. Pitzl,  Encyclopedia of Human Geography. Greenwood, 2004) The Changing Sounds of Place NamesSounds of place names are changed  as languages change, and even when the languages remain the same in an area, the sounds of a place name are in a continual process  of shortening and simplification. Adramyttium, a Roman city, over the centuries changed to Edremit, Turkey, and the Roman colony of Colonia Agrippina became Cologne (or more properly, Koln), Germany. Constantinopolis became Constantinople and eventually Istanbul, Turkey.(Joel F. Mann,  An International Glossary of Place Name Elements. Scarecrow Press, 2005)Definite Articles With Place NamesCertain types of place-names are frequently preceded by the capitalized or lowercased article the:1.  Names of rivers (the Susquehanna, the Nile), mountain ranges (the White Mountains, the Alps), island groups (the Aleutian Islands, the Malay Archipelago), and regions (the Midwest, the Arctic).2.  Place-names that are plural in form  (the Great Plains, The Netherlands).3.  Place-names th at are also general vocabulary terms  (the South, the Continent).4. Place-names that are adjective/noun compounds (the Western Hemisphere, the Red Sea).Some place-names fall into more than one of these categories, while others, such The Bronx, the Ukraine, occur with the article for obscure, usually historically-rooted reasons.(Merriam-Websters Geographical Dictionary, 3rd. ed., 2001) Fossilized Words in British Place Names-[M]ost place names today are what could be called linguistic fossils. Although they originated as living units of speech, coined by our distant ancestors as descriptions of places in terms of their topography, appearance, situation, use, ownership, or other association, most have become, in the course of time, mere labels, no longer possessing a clear linguistic meaning. This is perhaps not surprising when one  considers that most  place names are  a thousand years old or more, and are expressed in vocabulary that may have evolved differently from the equivalent words in the ordinary language, or that may now be completely extinct or obscure.(A.D. Mills,  A Dictionary of British Place-Names, rev. ed. Oxford University Press, 2011)-  The modern form of a name can never be assumed to convey its original meaning without early spellings to confirm it, and indeed many names that look equally obvious and easy to interpret prove to have quit e unexpected meanings in the light of the evidence of early records. Thus in England the name Easter is the sheep-fold, Slaughter the creek or channel, and Wool the spring or springs.(A.D. Mills, Oxford Dictionary of British Place Names. Oxford University Press, 2003) Names Ending in -chesterMany place names of British origin consist of a Celtic stem to which has been added an English (or other) suffix. There is the large class of names ending in -chester (or -caster, -cester, etc.). Although the majority of names with this termination refer to former Roman towns or military stations, the ending is not directly derived from the Latin word castra, camp, as is sometimes thought, nor was that term used by the Romans for naming purposes, except for one place in Cumberland (Castra Exploratorum, camp or fort of the scouts). Old English ceaster was adapted from the Latin word by the Anglo-Saxons while they were still on the Continent and was used by them in their new homeland to designate former Roman towns. Not every modern ending in -chester belongs to this class.(John Field, Discovering Place-Names: Their Origins and Meanings, 4th ed., rev. by Margaret Gelling. Shire, 2008)Bill Bryson on British Place Names[N]owhere, of course, are the British more gi fted than with place names. Of the thirty thousand named places in Britain, a good half of them, I would guess, are notable or arresting in some way. There are villages that seem to hide some ancient and possibly dark secret (Husbands Bosworth, Rime Intrinseca, Whiteladies Aston) and villages that sound like characters from a bad nineteenth-century novel (Bradford Peverell, Compton Valence, Langton Herring, Wootton Fitzpaine). There are villages that sound like fertilizers (Hastigrow), shoe deodorizers (Powfoot), breath fresheners (Minto), dog food (Whelpo), toilet cleansers (Potto, Sanahole, Durno), skin complaints (Whiterashes, Sockburn), and even a Scottish spot remover (Sootywells). There are villages that have an attitude problem (Seething, Mockbeggar, Wrangle) and villages of strange phenomena (Meathop, Wigtwizzle, Blubberhouses). There are villages without number whose very names summon forth an image of lazy summer afternoons and butterflies darting in meadows (Winterbourne Abbas, Weston Lullingfields, Theddlethorpe All Saints, Little Missenden). Above all, there are villages almost without number whose names are just endearingly inanePrittlewell, Little Rollright, Chew Magna, Titsey, Woodstock Slop, Lickey End, Stragglethorpe, Yonder Bognie, Nether Wallop, and the practically unbeatable Thornton-le-Beans. (Bury me there!)(Bill Bryson, Notes From a Small Island. William Morrow, 1995) Alternate Spellings: placename, place-name

M.I.T Application for MBA Program †Example Essay

M.I.T Application for MBA Program – Example Essay Free Online Research Papers M.I.T Application for MBA Program Example Essay 1. Explain how the MIT Sloan MBA Program’s focus on innovation will help you achieve your career goals. I always remember my deceased father always regretting his inability to make change. My father has taught me that even though you may be ahead of others by walking, you are still behind because the others are running. My late father managed the xxx Corporation. In 19xx, He was unable to promptly prepare for the new flow of westernization into Korea, such as the firm’s information system, westernization of employees’corporate culture; acknowledgement of the labor union, new classified customer’s appearance, and westernization of the manufacture. My father who had managed the firm for 30 years with dynamic effort was faced with bad luck. In the end, his corporation was to be dismissed. Along with his frustrations, he contributed his writings of thoughts to many places. His writings emphasized that a firm that has not gone through change is soon to be a firm that is bound to fail. My fate has always been to become a great businessman because ever since my childhood days, my father made incessant speeches concerning a businessman’s attitude. Before my father passed away, he left me a message saying, â€Å"the key to a firm’s survival is innovation.† I will treasure his words forever. From my late father’s great influence, I decided to work for xxx upon graduation from undergraduate studies. While employed at xxx, I always kept in mind the possibilities of improvement and innovation of my work, the firm’s policies, and current organizational matters. I persuaded the managers and the top executives, who were stuck on the concept of traditional decision-making procedures, face the need for innovation by accepting the labor union, through discussions and negotiations with my contributed efforts into increasing productivity. I also proposed for the ‘xxx Project’ with strategic intent to the CEO executives who were only satisfied with the fixed income of continuous OEM production. I was evaluated and complemented that the proposal not only brought great opportunities for the firm to exclusively create and develop the brand in itself, but a great opportunity for the firm to explore the foreign market. Thereafter, I made another initiative to improving on most of the enterprises, such as organizational downsizing, transferal of employees, reformation of authoritarianism in the management, adoption of the ERP system, and employee training for obtaining information, that xxx was after for a year and a half since 19xx. I performed these tasks heartily. Although there were many problems and many who opposed my proposal for the firm’s innovation, xxx had a great common vision in terms of creating the firm’s brand in itself and in terms of exploring the foreign market for the first time in 20 years. When I left the company, there were many employees who were willing to face the changes in business environment more positively with greater future vision for the company. I strongly believe that innovation and creativity are valuable tools for the 21st century businessman. In order to survive in the business world, a firm should be able to change rapidly in accordance with the 21st century hi-tech information society of the Internet. If a firm cannot adjust under such circumstances of high-tech, the firm cannot survive. To become such a businessman who can quickly adapt to these changes, I chose Sloan. Sloan’s program will enable me to become a businessman who sees the importance of innovation and leadership in the bu siness world. More importantly, I believe that Sloan will provide me with the kind of tool to propel forward in the field of strategic planning and marketing, organizational design and change management. 2. Describe a situation where you introduced and/or managed change in an organization. Tell us how you influenced others in an organization (business, school, extracurricular activity) and comment on the professional and/or personal attributes you used to do that and how these attributes (an others) might be important to the attainment of your career goals. How do you expect the Sloan School to further the development of these attributes? The most significant improvement that I have made while employed at xxx was the ‘xxx Project’, which began in February of 19xx, to develop a strategic plan in order to become a global enterprise such as xxx or xxx. xxx that began to produce the xxx 21 years ago set up the project based on the traditional pattern of the OEM export. The director of xxx development who had worked for the company for over 9 years was negative in creating the company’s brand and the opinion of the majority was that such a project was too risky to produce a product in competition with global brands. Despite the negative opinions around me, I submitted the proposal for the xxx and I insisted that xxx create its’ own brand image and challenge the global market. Because x foreign companies, such as xxx and xxx hold over xx% of the domestic market up to 19xx, it would be impossible to create the company’s brand name and develop technology in the future if the product does not develop or if the company continues to develop the product based on the OEM system. There was also a possibility that even our occupied market in the domestic market would be deprived from those foreign companies. Based on these facts, I insisted technology cooperation with xxx that boasts xx years of excellence, developing technology, creating distribution channels and subsidiaries in the industrialized countries including the U.S., and getting involved in the global market vigorously. My report brought on many debates about the feasibility and the investment outlook for 10 months of next-generation xxx development process. When the CEO executives supported my proposal, the firm decided to lay out the xxx development process for x years and take its’ brand abroad with a strategic intent. I learned that a talented businessman should have exact judgment with clear-cut resources and have clear vision for future development. One of the critical factors that led the firm to strategically compete in the global market was that my â€Å"xxx†for 4 months, was able to strike down all of the negative opinions with my specific data and detailed strategy. This experience has encouraged me to continue my studies in an American graduate school in order to learn more detailed analytical approach and gain the knowledge behind effective management strategy. Sloan has all the important necessities to fulfill my needs. I strongly believe that Strategic Management and Consulting Track of Sloan have diverse resources for businessmen such as research and development, finance, human resource management, and marketing. These important resources will enable me to achieve my goal to becoming a CEO of a corporation. Program of Sloan provides both entrepreneurship and leadership. I strongly believe that Sloan is the best graduate school of business for me as well as future businessmen. Cover letter Since I had worked in the xxx department of xxx, whose yearly income was $xx million in 19xx, my major problem was a lack of knowledge in Finance and Management. Upon graduation from undergraduate studies, I was employed in the Management Planning Team. Because I did not have the background in business administration from majoring in xxx Literature in undergraduate, I realized the difficulty in grasping the concept of general company matters, marketing analysis, and setting up the short and long-term marketing plan. When I participated in the future development of xxx and sales project for 10 months that began in February 19xx, I realized that I was incapable of successfully performing my duties as an Assistant Manager with 8 staff members for a project in which the company heavily depended upon. It was then that I had realized what special talent was needed to become a successful manager. For instance, while analyzing xxx, xxx’s technological advantage and marketing strategie s, I realized the importance of learning Marketing Research and Strategy. I also realized the importance of Financial Management and Corporate Financial Policies when planning sales and marketing strategies for the future sales of xxx and strategies for increasing our market. Through these experiences, I became strongly motivated to applying to your college. If I am given the opportunity, I would like to study Corporate Finance and Financial Strategy. In my situation that I should come back to the xxx, and join the management team, without the knowledge of finance, I could not successfully manage the company and be an incompetent businessman. I would like to focus my studies on subjects relating to Entrepreneurship and Marketing. I believe that I am qualified to be competitive among your students because I have earned a certificate of Accounting and Finance,sponsored by the xxx. Along with this basic background, I am currently studying Finance as a graduate student at the xxx University Business School. Sloan is top choice for two main reasons. First of all, Sloan offers diverse courses for a businessman who needs innovation and leadership that are not offered at the xxx University. Second reason is the many advantages that can be offered from the location of your school, with worldwide competitive corporations gathered in New York and Boston areas. Upon graduation from the Sloan School, I plan to be the most representative person at xxx by learning and applying the strategies of these large growing global corporations in East Coast area, and if possible I would like to analyze our competitors, xxx and xxx. I would also like to have experience with the U.S. market and its’ customer characteristics in preparation for future plan of xxx to set up xxx subsidiaries in U.S. I plan to work for 5 years at xxx after graduation from Sloan, by improving xxx so that it will rank second to xxx. My long-term goal is to be able to challenge the CEO’s of the top 5 ranking companies in Korea, such as Hyundai of Korea. In addition, to achieve my goals, I plan to earn the CFA certification upon my MBA studies. Armed with the CFA certification and Top School’s International bent, strength in finance and management training, I will be ready to place that call to the trader in China, conduct a teleconference with xxx corporation in Tokyo, and visit the CFO in America. Research Papers on M.I.T Application for MBA Program EssayOpen Architechture a white paperAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaThe Project Managment Office SystemMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductTwilight of the UAWPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoPETSTEL analysis of IndiaDefinition of Export QuotasAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2

Evaluating Arguments about consumerism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evaluating Arguments about consumerism - Essay Example The paper summarizes and analyzes the two essays that present viewpoints on consumer culture in America before evaluating their efficacy. In his essay ‘The Year Without Toilet Paper, Mr. Green analyzes the lives of three members of a family (Mr. Colin, his wife and two-year-old daughter Isabella who wears organic cotton diapers) during their one-year experimental lifestyle the named ‘No Impact. Green explains that the rule of this lifestyle keep changing though the necessary regulations include preparing and taking natural foods grown not more than a two hundred and fifty mile radius of Manhattan city. Additionally, Mr. Colins family shops for no other household goods apart from the said foods thereby producing no trash in the form of paper. The family has a home composter in which only organic and biodegradable waste is dumped and consumed by worms. The most intriguing part the familys No Impact lifestyle is the fact that no member of the family uses any form of carbon-fueled transportation (Penelope 1). Mr., Colin Beavan, who is a senior writer, decided to embark on the No Impact year after his agent discredited all other possible possibilities that would sell as a book. This is an implication that Mr. Colin was doing this not only for the hope that people will tread more lightly on the earths resources, but also for the popularity of the book he was about to write. He had to turn his family’s lifestyle upside down in order to conform to the rules and regulations of the No Impact year. As a matter of fact, the family embraced full environmentalism to an extent that a visitor would hesitate to visit the bathroom for fear of failing to get tissue paper in there; hence the title ‘The Year Without Toilet Paper’ (Penelope 1). Colin’s decision to transform the lifestyle of his family to a No Impact lifestyle was not just inspired by the urge to protect some sort of â€Å"pristine

How did George M. Fredrickson recalculate the definition of Essay

How did George M. Fredrickson recalculate the definition of self-evident truth - Essay Example Fredrickson highlights that in the early years of the United States revolution, racism was based on dominant whites who were superior, and lower class blacks, Indians and Asian communities who were inferior. However, this changed over time and people were further distinguished with their faiths and cultures (Fredrickson). This moved racism to a level of distinguishing people on their natural characteristics and abilities that affected their American citizenship status. This paper will highlight the recalculation of the definition of self-evident truth from the works of Thomas Jefferson and John Locke. The works of john Jefferson have been renowned for the famous philosophy of the self-evident truth. This developed in the political revolution of the United States towards independence from the British, and the main emphasis was equality of all men. This term was first used in writing of the declaration of independence, which was a document that signified unity of the country. The purpo se of the document according to him was to unite the country into one shared philosophy of the ‘American Mind’. This is regarded as one of the foundations of American Revolution because it changed the politics of the country (Cannole). Jefferson’s definition of self-evident truth Jefferson argued that politics is the band that would equally unite all the people in the country and assume powers over it (Cannole). He alluded to the philosophy of upholding natural laws which were bestowed by God to every individual and respect for every person’s opinions. The definition of self-evident truth was centered on the natural understanding that God created all men equally because they have equal natural rights to life, liberty and happiness (Cannole). These natural rights were what Jefferson referred to as Self-evident truth because there was no need of proofing these rights. In addition, activists had also advocated for them, and people in the country knew them. Fu rther, these philosophies were being taught in religions such as Christianity where all men were said to be equal (Cannole). Jefferson related the self-evident truth with governance by stating that the people formed governments and its power came from them too. The government formed on this belief would be mandated to secure the natural rights of the people, which are self-evident. Failure to safeguard the self-evident truth will lead to dissolution on the government since it does not serve the purpose. This philosophy was intended to change the political landscape of the country from British colonization and oppression such as slavery, discrimination and injustice. The dominant and in-dominant groups Discrimination of people into races in the country was prevalent during the revolution, and the whites were said to be the dominant groups and the rest were referred to as in-dominant or subordinate groups. They were divided in classes and status where a hierarchy existed. Fields highl ights that the dominant groups secure huge shares of power and money while subordinate groups receive unfavorable things, and they have a hierarchy (95). The dominant and subordinate groups existed in the British Northern American colonies, and the British extorted the Native American and black people through slavery in tobacco farms which benefited the whites. The Native American