Effect of Caffeine Consumption on Academic Performance in...

Effect of Caffeine Consumption on Academic Performance in College Undergraduates Morgan Bolen, Maria Naula-Quintero, and Carlin Wright Michigan State University Abstract In this study we are interested in assessing the relationship between average amount of caffeine consumed per day and academic performance. We hypothesized that an increase in average caffeine consumed per day would result in increased academic success. A short survey was composed based on average amount of caffeine consumed per day measured in milligrams and academic performance measured by GPA. This survey was administered through Survey Gizmo to Dr. Pleskac’s PSY 395 class, and a total of 59 participants completed the survey. Overall, there was a†¦show more content†¦A chart was provided which enabled participants to observe the average amounts of caffeine in each of the four categories and calculate their own average amount of caffeine consumed per day. Our survey was then sent to our fellow classmates, which are undergraduate students taking Dr. Pleskac’s PSY 395 course entitled Research Methods and Design. Participants We estimate that our survey was sent to approximately 200 students, and 59 completed our survey. The participants are estimated to be between the ages of 18 and 22. It is expected that since the survey was administered to a psychology class and that females make up the majority of the major, the majority of the respondents of our survey will then be female. The participants of our survey are mostly comprised of Michigan State University undergraduate psychology majors. Since this is a higher-level class with prerequisites, the majority of are respondents are most likely in their junior and senior years of college. Apparatus/Materials The materials used in this study were a survey that we composed and administered by using Survey Gizmo. The operational definition of caffeine will include energy drinks, coffee, soda, and energy shots such as 5-Hour Energy. We chose nine questions for our survey that we felt were important in determining our results. Procedure After composing our survey on Survey Gizmo, it was sent to approximately 200 students in Dr. Pleskac’s PSY 395 Research MethodsShow MoreRelatedHistory Of Caffeinated Energy Drinks2540 Words   |  11 PagesHistory of Caffeinated Energy Drinks Many students turn to caffeine-containing substances such as coffee and caffeinated energy drinks (CEDs) in order to cope with the daily stresses that arise from their studies, often related to lack of sleep or low energy [1]. Caffeinated energy beverages are a relatively newer source of caffeine, first appearing in 1997 with the introduction of the Red Bull brand of energy drinks. Since their appearance, the energy beverage niche has grown exponentially, withRead MoreStudy Habits1391 Words   |  6 PagesChapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE amp; STUDIES According to Palm Beach Community College (PBBC, 2008), they recommend that student’s study should have at least three hours out of class for every hour spent in class. They also said that a student must have a special place to study with plenty of room to work. And students should not be cramped. They presupposes that study time will go better if a learner take a few minutes at the start to straighten things up. A desk and straight-backedRead MoreCaffeine Is A Central Nervous System ( Cns ) Stimulant828 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is caffeine? Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant, having the effect of temporarily warding off drowsiness and restoring alertness. Beverages containing caffeine, such as coffee, tea, soft drinks and energy drinks enjoy great popularity: caffeine is the world’s most widely consumed psychoactive substance. In North America, 90% of adults consume caffeine daily. [1] Many natural sources of caffeine also contain widely varying mixtures of other xanthine alkaloids, including theRead MoreIndividual Differences Affecting Caffeine Intake Essays2621 Words   |  11 PagesIndividual differences affecting caffeine intake. Analysis of consumption behaviours for different times of day and caffeine sources The purpose of this study was to research different personalities, and how they affect caffeine intake. Regular consumption was predicted by gender, age, nicotine use, and types of personality traits. Consistent caffeine consumption would has been known to impair sleep and enhance anxiety, and if over-consumed it becomes chronic it could cause dependency, and or worsenRead MoreThe Effect of Study Habits on the Academic Performance3587 Words   |  15 PagesTHE EFFECT OF STUDY HABITS ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF FRESHMEN Information Technology STUDENTS IN National UNIVERSITY, Sampaloc Manila, SCHOOL YEAR 2010-2011† A research proposal Table of Contents Chapter Page 1 The Problem Introduction... ... ... ... . 1 Conceptual Framework... ... . . . 3 Schematic Diagram... ... . . . . . 3 Statement of the Problem.. ... . . .. 5 Null Hypothesis.. ... . . . . . . . 6 Significance of the Study.. ... . . . .. 6 Scope and Limitations.. ... . . . . Read Moreâ€Å"the Effects of Having Boyfriend/Girlfriend Relationships in the Academic Performance of Selected High School Students of Theresian School of Cavite†3959 Words   |  16 Pagesâ€Å"THE EFFECT OF STUDY HABITS ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF FRESHMEN EDUCATION STUDENTS IN XAVIER UNIVERSITY, CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY, SCHOOL YEAR 2008-2009† A research proposal Presented to: Dr. Amphie V. Dinagsao In Partial Fulfilment Of the Requirements for the Subject Educ 51 52 Educational Research By Bagongon, Christian K Edpalina, Connie Ryan April 25, 2009 Table of Contents Chapter Read MoreChapter 2 Study Habits2145 Words   |  9 Pagesof becoming a successful student who has good academic performances. This theory clearly supports this study that study habits are relevant to academic performance. As it is said in the study of Crede and Kuncel (2008), study habit, skill, and attitude inventories and constructs were found to rival standardized tests and previous grades as predictors of academic performance, yielding substantial incremental validity in predicting academic performance. Study motivation and study skills exhibit theRead MoreStudy Habits6353 Words   |  26 PagesSTUDY HABITS AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THIRD YEAR STUDENTS OF SANTA ROSA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY HIGH SCHOOL FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR 2011-2012 A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School Polytechnic University of the Philippines Santa Rosa Campus In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree Master in Educational Management By JESUSA G. HABIG August 2011 CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction Effective study skills are necessary for a high school studentRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesstorage and retrieval systems, or in any other manner—without the written permission of the publisher. Thomson Higher Education 10 Davis Drive Belmont, CA 94002-3098 USA For more information about our products, contact us at: Thomson Learning Academic Resource Center 1-800-423-0563 For permission to use material from this text or product, submit a request online at http://www.thomsonrights.com. Any additional questions about permissions can be submitted by e-mail to thomsonrights@thomson.com. Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesSurveys for Motivating Others 324 Diagnosing Poor Performance and Enhancing Motivation Work Performance Assessment 325 SKILL LEARNING 326 Increasing Motivation and Performance 326 Diagnosing Work Performance Problems 326 Enhancing Individuals’ Abilities 328 Fostering a Motivating Work Environment 330 Elements of an Effective Motivation Program 331 Establish Clear Performance Expectations 332 Remove Obstacles to Performance 334 Reinforce Performance-Enhancing Behavior 336 Provide Salient Rewards 344

Buying A Business And Marketer s Perspective Of Viewing

Every individual person is unique and different. How they were born and grew up in certain places truly affect their lifestyles, personalities, and even their emotions. Different demographics, ethics, and other form of a group that separate people from each other tend to have different ideas within each other. When I think about every aspect of influences that has an impact on people’s different tastes, buying habits, and their beliefs, sometimes it makes me feel so complicated. Marketers, as we learned in chapters, in my own term, are business people that analyze and study the way each individuals react on certain promotions that they were given and carefully examine and plan a suitable service and product promotion offering to consumers that they think that plan is appropriate for them. Consumer behaviors are not only seen by the marketers, but also can be seen by it’s own consumers as well. Consumer’s perspective of viewing a business and marketer’s p erspective of viewing a business can be different sometimes. Without understanding each other, consumers will not be able to experience a service or find a product that can be a beneficial to them. In other hands, if marketers have trouble with understanding consumers, then they will fail to bring out a service or a product that meets the consumer’s requirement and it will end up being fail project. This is why customer’s feed back is important for every business. Businesses learn from what consumers think about theirShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Contemporary Trends On Data Science1625 Words   |  7 Pagestransformation choice to organisations. However, big data seems different from the above, partly because big data is not about technology as much organisation transformation. By utilizing the big data, organisations should transform themselves from a history-viewing, batch, data constrained into a predictive, real-time, data hungry environment. Data are created by countless devices including cameras, microphones, mobile devices, remote sensing, software logs, RFID readers, and wireless sensor networks everyRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Southwest Airlines1188 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology is growing rapidly since the early 90’s and a lot has changed in the marketing sector on how businesses operate. The internet has made it possible for businesses to market their products and services through digital channels. According to Smallwood, (2016). â€Å"The way people connect, communicate, and share information online has evolved in ways unimaginable just a generation ago, yet from a marketer s perspective the biggest change may be in the amount of information suddenly availableRead MoreEvaluating Attainment by Children: Bridging Conspicuous Consumption with Fundamental Elements of Obtaining Commodities 1747 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Conspicuous consumption of valuable goods is a means of reputability to the gentle man of leisure† (Veblin, 1899). Respectively, Veblen argues that individuals consume commodities and services to demonstrate a high socio-economic position, from the perspective of others in society (Tepperman, Albanese, Curtis, 2014, p. 117). This can be seen as a social problem, issues that require community acknowledgment and action to respond to issues at hand. (Tepperman Curtis, 2011, p. 3). This paper will discussRead MorePros Cons of Imc Channels2299 Words   |  10 Pagescommunication is the way of approaching to the consumer. The most effective way of marketing communication is advertising and so advertising can be referred as marketing communication channel. But there are varieties of ways to attract the consumers. And, a marketer needs to choose the effective way of communicating to their target markets. Marketing communication channels accomplish a specific communication task with a specific target audience during a specific period of time. Ref: Kotler, P. ArmstrongRead MoreMarketing Management : Mini Case Study Discussion1720 Words   |  7 Pagesactivities to stimulate and activate consumers’ nostalgia and thus encourage their buying behavior. To do this the company adopts an effective marketing strategy utilizing nostalgic advertising and packaging capable of invoking nostalgic feelings in consumers. By utilizing this type of marketing, the company: 1. Enjoys increased brand perception and retention in the minds of consumers. 2. Enjoys favorable viewing of its marketing efforts eg. Advertisements and packaging. 3. Takes advantage of existingRead MoreMm-Chapter 1-3 Dawn Iacobucci17854 Words   |  72 Pagesto study how and when you want CourseMate includes online study tools, an Interactive Marketing Plan, and set of Analytical Tools $79.95 US Suggested Retail Price ISBN-13: 978-0-538-48134-2 ISBN-10: 0-538-48134-X 90000 2 9 780538 481342 S T U D E N T T E S T E D , F A C U LT Y A P P R O V E D THE MEET SHOW PROCESS ARE WE LISTENING? Reach out to students to understand their learning preferences and motivations for taking a course. Students in the Marketing Management course wanted an approachRead MoreMarketing to Children Consumers7172 Words   |  29 PagesResearch: Children s Breakfast Cereal Consumer Report Investigation to identify key influences that determine children s consumer behaviour and knowledge of branded cereals Investigation into the effects of key influences on children s consumer behaviour and brand knowledge to determine a new marketing strategy. Executive summary This research aims to identify key influences that effect children s consumer behaviour and brand knowledge in relation to the children s cereal industryRead MoreImpact of Television Advertisements on the Buying Decision of Consumers of Consumer Durables17484 Words   |  70 Pagestelevision. For the middle class families possessing consumer durables items like TVs, Refrigerators, mixers, washing machines etc., has become an obsession with the amount they could save most of the people from this selection view with others in buying house hold consumer durables. the need for these items alone doesn’t motivate these customers. In very many cases, vicinity has also played a significant role in persuading consumers to buy such durables. Now- a-days, the easy availability of financeRead MoreProduct Placement12588 Words   |  51 Pagesplacement, for example, Harold and Kumar on a road trip to find a White Castle, Austin Powers blasting into space in a Big Boy statue rocket, Will Ferrell promoting Checkers and Rally s Hamburgers in the NASCAR comedy Talladega Nights, MSN appearing in Bridget Jones Diary, BMW and its online short films, Amazon.com s Amazon Theatre showcasing stars and featured products, Ford and Extreme Makeover, Tom Hanks and FedEx and Wilson, Oprah giving away Buicks, Curious George and Dole, Herbie and VW, SimpsonsRead MoreMarketing Discussion15807 Words   |  64 Pagesand wants that did not exist before. According to these critics, marketers encourage consumers to spend more money than they should on goods and services they really do not need. Take a position: Marketing shapes consumer needs and wants versus marketing merely reflects the needs and wants of consumers. MY OPINION:Pro: With the vast amount of information available to marketers today and the emphasis on relational marketing, marketers are in more of a position to suggest needs and wants to the public

Hi This Is with Reference to Platellate Count Free Essays

How To Increase Platelet Count Naturally: Increase Low Platelet Count Platelet is a component of blood and play is crucial role in blood clotting. There are certain conditions which may result in a drop in the platelet count. Low platelet count is often associated with delayed healing of wounds and internal bleeding. We will write a custom essay sample on Hi This Is with Reference to Platellate Count or any similar topic only for you Order Now Certain dietary considerations can help increase the platelet count naturally. Normal Platelet Count * The normal level of platelets ranges between 150,000 to 400,000 platelets per microliter. A marginal drop in the platelet count is not a cause of concern; however a significant drop in the platelet count may often be associated with a host of symptoms. * The common symptoms observed in cases of drop in the platelets include, red hemorrhagic spots on the skin of the lower extremities, bleeding of gums, passing of blood in urine and stools, etc. These symptoms are often associated with systemic symptoms like fever, malaise and generalized fatigue and weakness. In addition faintness and dizziness may also be experienced, especially if the platelet count has fallen drastically. It is always essential to get yourself thoroughly investigated to identify the underlying cause for the condition. Increase Platelet Count Naturally * Here are some dietary suggestions that can help improve the platelet count. * It is recommended to avoid processed and refined foods. Most of the processed foods tend to interfere with the normal metabolism of the body, which in turn can affect the natur al production of platelets in the bone marrow. It is also recommended to avoid oily food, especially transfats and saturated fats. Aerated drinks and soda drinks should also be avoided. Increase the intake of fresh fruits and vegetables. Organic food is loaded with essential vitamins and minerals. Further fresh vegetables and fruits are loaded with antioxidants that help in destroying free radicals and improve your platelet count. Avoid refined sugar and use jaggary instead. * Avoid consuming raw food, especially vegetables in the form of salads. It is important to wash them thoroughly before consuming, as they may result in parasitic infection in the colon. Parasitic infections in the colon can result in internal bleeding which may further result in significant drop in the platelet count. Increase the intake of   cod liver oil, flax seed oils, etc. as they are loaded with Omega-3 essential fatty acids   Omega-3 fatty acids help improve blood hemoglobin levels and also contribute in increasing platelet counts. * Increase the intake of Tomatoes, cashew-nuts, berries; grapes, etc are rich in anti-oxidants. They eliminate the free radicals in the blood when may be responsible for tissue damage and also low levels of platelet count. * Vitamin K deficiency is also considered to be an important cause for low platelet count. Vitamin K supplements are ideally recommended to improve the platelet count. How to cite Hi This Is with Reference to Platellate Count, Essay examples

Barriers to Effective Planning free essay sample

Effective planning requires a thorough knowledge of both present conditions and future goals. Because these things are not always entirely knowable, and because most situations are constantly changing, planning can be a very challenging process. In companies and organizations, planning is usually undertaken by groups, a fact that increases the complexity of the task. Poor Communication The planning process is complicated when communication within or between groups is poor. Insufficient communication of tactics, plans and priorities leads to replication of effort and people working at cross purposes when they should be working together. Poor communication may be caused by undeveloped skills, rivalries, misunderstanding of the planning process or excessive complexity within the planning group structure. Resistance The difficulties of the planning process are not always the result of accident or incompetence. Not infrequently, people who are going to be affected by change dont like the idea and resist it. Resistance to planning for change within organizations can take the form of malingering, undermining of morale or straightforward opposition. We will write a custom essay sample on Barriers to Effective Planning or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Contingency plans to accommodate resistance should be included in any comprehensive planning process. Insufficient Resources If plans become excessively ambitious, they can sometimes by stymied be a simple lack of resources on the part of a company or organization. This is particularly true if the planning involves physical plant renovation or expansion. Grand plans are much less expensive to create on paper than in bricks and mortar, and planners can easily lose track of the eventual cost of their plans. Unknowable Future No matter how thorough a planning process is, the future always holds surprises. Planners who forget this fact tend to create excessively detailed and specific plans, and then have these plans compromised by unexpected events or changing conditions. Well laid plans for a company expansion or a new product line may be torpedoed by an unexpected economic crash. Lack of Creative Thinking The human mind tends to base its thoughts, activities and expectations on what has happened in the past. Often, this is a valuable trait, but in a planning process it can become a liability. If planning requires the development of new ways of doing things, an inability to overcome the past on the part of the planners can become a liability that obstructs innovative thought. Inertia Inertia is most frequently a problem for large and long-established organizations. Inertia can be created by a combination of archaic infrastructure, calcified modes of thinking, oversize bureaucracy and fear of change. Forward thinking elements within an organization that want to engage in creative planning may have to spend a lot of time and energy overcoming the inertia of things that have gone before.

Kimlins Case Debentures free essay sample

If a company borrows money, it will give its creditor a document confirming the existence and terms of the loan. This document is called a debenture. The execution of debentures amp; creation of charges over land by borrowers in favour of banks to secure banking facilities/loans is a common practice. Typically such debentures empower the banks to appoint receivers amp; managers to act on behalf of the borrowers to sell charged land by private treaty. Teo amp; Khaw) Question: in order to recover the sum due by the company borrowers, can the receivers and managers appointed under the debenture proceed to sell the property charged under the NLC by way of private treaty? (without having to follow procedure in NLC) Kimlin case facts: A (borrower company) executed 2 legal charges over the lands in favour of 1st R (the bank) subsequently executed a deed of debenture in favour of 1st R to secure various banking facilities granted by 1st R debenture duly registered pursuant to s. We will write a custom essay sample on Kimlins Case: Debentures or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 08 of companies Act Debenture provided for the bank to appoint receivers amp; managers (Ramp;M) who have certain powers ** no express provision in the debenture appointing them attorneys of the A Subsequently the bank appointed 2nd amp; 4th R as Ramp;M of the appellant wanted to sell the lands without resorting to proceedings under NLC to obtain OFS – Ramp;M applied to HC for a leave to sell lands Later on, A went into liquidation – Ramp;M’s application for leave to sell lands opposed by liquidator HC allowed their application liquidator dissatisfied appealed Issue: whether Ramp;M by virtue of powers conferred upon them by the debenture entitled to sell the charged lands without taking proceedings under the NLC to obtain a judicial sale Held: NO Sale by debenture of land charged under the Code is nowhere provided for by statute. The relevant provisions of the Code as to the rights of chargors (s. 254-265) are designed for their protection (e. g: service of 1-month notice, cause to contrary etc) – and thus cannot be waived, nor can the chargor contract himself out of the Code. It follows that no power of sale can be conferred by a chargor (in this case, the Appellant) under the Code on a chargee himself (the bank) by way of a debenture, but proceedings must be brought by the chargee to obtain a judicial sale in accordance with the rigid procedure laid down in the Code Also – the A went into liquidation Held: Ramp;M of the corporation appointed under a power contained in any instrument is an officer of the corporation and all officers of a corporation are obliged to deliver up to the liquidator appointed by the Court or as he directs: all the moveable and immovable property of the corporation in his custody or under his control which means that liquidation does not merely terminate the agency of a Ramp;M but also his powers on winding up, since there is no estate for the Ramp;M to administer. **in other words – once company goes into liquidation – Ramp;M of the company lose their control over the company’s property – including company’s land The impact of liquidation of the A company on Ramp;M on their powers of sale they no longer have such powers MELATRANS case – distinguished itself from Kimlin’s case This case is slightly diff from Kimlin where: Debenture btw 1st R (registered proprietor of lease of a land) and 2nd R (the bank) 2nd R appointed Ramp;M of all assets amp; undertakings of 1st R – clauses of debenture empowered Ramp;M to act as agent AND attorney of 1st R Ramp;M entered into a sale and purchase agreement with the appellant to sell the said lease The appellant however did not wish to proceed with the said purchase on the ground that the Ramp;M did not have the power to sell the said lease by private agreement in view of Kimlin case 1st R filed an originating summons in the HC for a declaration that the Ramp;M was duly empowered by the said debenture to sell the said lease. The HC granted the declaration. The appellant appealed against the decision Issue: Notwithstanding a valid power of attorney contained in a debenture, can the Ramp;M appointed under the said debenture proceed to sell the property charged under the NLC by private treaty? Held: dismissed the appeal – Ramp;M can sell the said lease by private treaty The court distinguished current case with kimlin KIMLIN- Debenture did not contain an express provision appointing the receivers and managers as attorneys of the appellant the A company (chargor) was wound up and consequently, the Ramp;M ceased to be agents of the chargor but instead became agents of the chargee The appellant company went into liquidation. Hence, it was the liquidator who opposed the application for sale under the debenture in the High Court CURRENT CASE- debenture empowers the Ramp;M to act as the lawful attorney and agent of the first respondent and to exercise the powers accorded under the debenture. Chargor (the first respondent) in the instant case was not wound up Ramp;M remained as agent of the charger Held: s. 256 of NLC provides a prescribed method of sale to be undertaken by a chargee, not a chargor unlike Kimlin, in this case the sale was undertaken by the Ramp;M on behalf of the first respondent, the chargor of the said lease. Therefore, provisions of the NLC prescribing for judicial sale could not apply to the facts in the instant appeal because the Ramp;M was acting as agent of the chargor CONCLUSION The receivers and managers appointed under the debenture can still proceed to sell the property charged under the NLC by way of private treaty provided: (a) Ramp;M act as agent of the chargor (borrower) b). Ramp;M is empowered (by debenture) to act as the lawful attorney of the borrower (c) The borrower company has not been wound up ( x go into liquidation) HOWEVER, even if the borrower company had been wound up, the chargee/Ramp;M may still be able to sell the land by private treaty IF there is an irrevocable power of attorney appointing the chargee/Ramp;M as agent for the borrower Lim Eng Chuan Sdn Bhd v United Malayan Banking Corp amp; Anor Loans granted to the borrower company (chargor) were secured by a charge amp; a debenture which also contained an irrevocable power of attorney in favour of the bank (chargee) Upon default, the bank sought to realize its security by selling the land as agent for the chargor but before it could do so the borrower company was wound up Borrower company sought to declare the sale to the purchaser null and void – failed – appeal to COA COA held: irrevocable power of attorney

Pronouncing the Spanish R

Pronouncing the Spanish R Question: One word in Spanish that I cant seem to get right is aire for air. I hear it from Spanish speakers sounding like EYE-day, but its not a d sound - theres a definite re sound, but it eludes me. Answer: The single r can indeed sound a lot like the English d. (The same isnt true of the Spanish rr sound, which is trilled.) Except at the beginning of words that stand alone (where the r is trilled), a single r is formed (more or less) by hitting the tongue against the front of the palate. It is sometimes said that the Spanish r sounds like the tt in little, so youre hearing correctly. The exact pronunciation varies somewhat with the speaker, the region the person is from, and the placement of the letter in the word. The R for English Speakers What works for some English speakers (even if it may not be technically correct) is to shape the lips something like the sound that is made for the English r, but to make the sound with a single trill or flap of the tongue against the front of the palate. Actually, its probably best not to think English r at all; the sounds of the two languages really are different. And if its any consolation, the sound of the English r is more difficult for native Spanish speakers (and speakers of many other languages) to master than it is for English speakers to master the Spanish r. You can hear the r pronounced by native speakers in our audio lesson on pronouncing the r. Words spoken in that lesson are pero (but), caro (expensive), primo (cousin), tres (three), seà ±or (Mr.) and hablar (to speak). Recommendations From the Community Participants in our forum have discussed pronunciation of the r, especially when it comes after a consonant, as in abra. Heres some of their advice: You can try substituting the English letter d for a single r. For example: Pero (Spanish) Pedo (English). If you say it quickly it begins to take on the character of the Spanish r. I learned this from a friend from Colombia whose name was Miriam. She hated the swallowed r that Americans make when they say her name, so she suggested that they call her Medium. Said quickly, that was much closer to the Spanish pronunciation of Miriam.When you say the word throw you have to put your tongue in almost the same position as you do when you make the Spanish r sound. Try that for positioning your tongue, then just blow real hard and your tongue will vibrate like its supposed to do for those rolling rrs. Once you have the tongue vibrating, make a growling sound like rrrrrrr.If you pronounce the t and d as they are pronounced in Spanish with the tip of the tongue on or near the top of the upper front teeth instead of farther up on the alveolar ridge as we usually do in English, then to get to t he r you only have to flip it up a little. Anyway, you can solace that Spanish doesnt have those impossible consonant combinations that some languages have. (I knew a guy from Africa whose first name was Ngmpu. Try that one!) If you can already make the r sound when surrounded by vowels, then stick in a vowel at first - u works the best. Practice saying abura a bunch of times, gradually emphasizing the u less and less until youre just saying abra.I dont think I have any trouble with r as in abra, or at least no native speaker has ever told me that my pronunciation of it sounds bad. If youve got the r of para or caro down, its exactly the same as that; flap your tongue right after the consonant. In other words, try saying ohtda as though it were an English word very quickly (of course, your tongue should touch the back of your front teeth when you say the t) and you will probably get the word otra right.

The Organization System - Organizational Change and Stress Management Term Paper - 1

The Organization System - Organizational Change and Stress Management - Term Paper Example The response to the first and the ninth question indicates that physical exhaustion is the major reason which is pushing me towards job burnout while mental exhaustion is also taking over as indicated by the response towards the second and the last question. Everybody experiences job burnout at one point in their career. It is a kind of job stress which affects a person physically as well as emotionally. A person feels utterly exhausted and doubts his abilities and competence. Job burnout was identified in the early 1970s and since then has become a topic of study with researchers and psychologists trying to determine the various causes and factors which often leave a person frustrated and drained. Job burnout is a global problem but is treated differently in different societies. In some countries it is considered a social problem while others treat it as a medical problem. At first it was thought that job burnout was restricted to those workers involved in human services such as nur ses, policemen, social workers and legal workers etc. However, as further studies were carried out, it was noted that job burnout was not restricted to people associated with social and health services only; even entrepreneurs, managers and white and blue collared persons suffered from a deep sense of depression and depletion in their jobs (Schaufeli et al, 2009). Job burnout reduces productivity as the worker begins to question his own talents and abilities and fails to come up with any useful contribution let alone face challenges. Although job burnout is quite common and is a hazard that plagues every occupation, the professionals who suffer from this emotional trauma the most are those associated with the police department and nursing. Pines (2005) devised the Burnout Measure or the BM method comprises of twenty one items pertaining to feelings and attitudes such as physical exhaustion; feeling weak or sickly and losing sleep; emotional exhaustion such as feeling depressed and h opeless and mental exhaustion such as feeling worthless like a failure and disappointed with people (Pines 2005). The answers were judged on a scale of 1 to 7 with responses ranging from never to always. According to Pine, a score of 4 indicates a burnout. The BM is the most commonly used burnout inventory and also enjoys a high internal consistency. A study of correlation between various work stressors and BMS scores in table four showed that the work environment factors contributed strongly towards burnout. The people examined were Israeli Jews and Arabs who were involved in police work force, nursing or were MBA students. Table 4 showed the responses of the police workforce and it is evident that the personnel are experiencing high job burnout which may affect the safety in jails and prisons. Poor working conditions, under staffing which means working under pressure to complete tasks such as cell searches, inmate count, paper work, security rounds and apathy and lack of interest from superiors led to job dissatisfaction and growing negative feelings. The Burnout Measure devised by Pines is the second most important measure of job burnout; the first one being the Maslach Burnout Inventory which according to Schaufeli is the â€Å"gold standard to assess burnout† (Schaufeli et al, 2009). Researchers and practitioners view burnout differently; according to some, exhaustion is the only force behind job burnout